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674 อั​ยการ​นิเทศ​ฉบับ​พิเศษ
ิ
44
อััยการนิเทศฉบัับัพิิเศษ
or​affirmation​(under​penalty​of​perjury)​before​a​notary​public.​The​statement​will​be​returned​to​the​

requesting​authority,​together​with​a​copy​of​the​request.​If​the​evidence​sought​is​a​document​or​other​thing,​
and​is​provided​voluntarily​by​its​custodian,​it​will​be​transmitted​to​the​requesting​authority​in​the​same​

manner.​(The​custodian​may​require,​as​a​condition​of​his​cooperation,​payment​of​costs​by​the​Embassy,​
and​assurance​that​the​evidence​will​be​returned.)
​ If​the​witness​declines​to​produce​the​evidence​voluntarily,​a​representative​of​the​Department​

of​Justice​will​petition​the​competent​federal​district​court​to​apply​appropriate​measures​of​compulsion​
requiring​the​witness​to​produce​the​evidence.​If​the​petition​is​granted,​the​court​will​enter​an​order​

authorizing​the​issuance​of​appropriate​subpoenas​and​appointing​a​''commissioner''​to​secure​the​evidence.​
(Under​United​States​law​a​judge​seldom,​if​ever,​secures​the​evidence​himself.)​The​''commissioner''​ ​
may​be​a​person​designated​by​the​requesting​authority.​If​the​witness​fails​to​obey​the​court​order​

he​may​be​punished​for​contempt​of​court,​unless​the​information​sought​is​subject​​to​a​legally​applicable​
privilege.

​ Requests​for​evidence​transmitted​through​diplomatic​channels​need​not​be​legalized​or​
authenticated​if​the​transmittal​note​confirms​that​the​request​emanates​from​a​duly​constituted​tribunal​or​
other​judicial​authority​of​the​requesting​country.

​ The​Secretary​of​State​wishes​to​note​that​there​is​no​requirement​that​requests​for​judicial​
assistance​be​referred​to​the​Department​of​State​for​execution;​the​federal​statute​which​authorizes​federal​

district​courts​to​render​assistance​to​foreign​tribunals​provides​that​such​requests​may​be​presented​directly​
to​the​courts​by​"any​interested​person"​(See​enclosure​2).​Direct​presentation​to​a​court​of​the​United​
States​does​not,​however,​mean​the​mailing​or​transmitting​of​a​request​to​a​judge​or​to​a​clerk​of​the​court;​

it​means​a​formal​presentation​through​counsel.
​ The​Secretary​of​State​also​wishes​to​point​out​that​the​United​States​does​not​object​to​the​

informal​taking​of​testimony​by​members​of​diplomatic​or​consular​missions,​or​by​private​counsel,​
from​witnesses​in​the​United​States,​provided​the​witness​agrees​voluntarily​to​give​testimony​and​no​
compulsion,​threats​or​intimidation​is​used.​If​foreign​officials,​other​than​members​of​diplomatic​or​consular​

missions,​engage​in​the​securing​of​testimony​in​the​United​States,​the​Department​of​State​should​receive
advance​notification​of​that​fact.

​ The​Secretary​of​State​further​wishes​to​direct​the​attention​of​the​Chiefs​of​Mission​to​
the​existence​of​the​Convention​on​the​Taking​of​Evidence​Abroad​in​Civil​or​Commercial​Matters,​
adopted​at​the​Eleventh​Session​of​the​Hague​Conference​on​Private​International​Law​on​October​26,​1968,​

which​is​presently​in​force​in​the​United​States.​The​Convention​facilitates​the​transmission​and​execution​
of​evidence​requests,​accommodates​the​different​methods​which​States​use​for​this​purpose,​and​permits​

the​submission​of​requests​in​French​or​English.​The​Convention​provides​for​accession​by​other​States.

OTHER REQUESTS